Ful medames (Arabic: ??? ??????, f?l midammis ; other spellings include ful mudammas and foule mudammes), or simply f?l, is a dish of cooked fava beans served with vegetable oil, cumin, and optionally with chopped parsley, garlic, onion, lemon juice, chili pepper and other vegetable, herb and spice ingredients. It is notably a staple food in Egypt, especially in the northern cites of Cairo and Gizah. Ful medames is also a common part of the cuisines of many Arab, Middle Eastern and African cultures, including in Djibouti, Lebanon, Syria, Libya, Palestine, Jordan, Israel, Eritrea, Sudan, Yemen, Somalia and Saudi Arabia.